The play in Arabic literature is ancient and modern - a historical study

Abstract

The play is a literary genre based on dialogue, movement and conflict. The beginning of the appearance of the theater was in the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and the country of Greece, and it is based on a religious contract represented in celebrations, holidays and religious events.
The goal and main goal of the play is to create pleasure and benefit in the same recipient to reflect some of the ideas and attitudes of life of lofty values ​​and principles.
And that the Arabs have known the theater in its various forms represented in the palaces of the caliphs and in the squares and streets, including the killing of Imam Hussein (p) and Hakawati and Qassas and preachers and residences and tales of the shadow (Albabat) In all these aspects were elements of the play is not integrated; the presence of narrator and events and personalities and thus is a scene in Shape and content together.
The birth of the play in the Arabic literature does not exceed the beginning of the nineteenth century in Lebanon began (Maron debate) of the major drama flags influenced by (Moliere) and the emergence of two factors: the first presence of representative heritage and the other friction and influence Western civilization.
As we unveiled how the theater was born in Iraq, the influence of the Christian religious communities in Mosul through its churches and schools has had a great impact on the appearance of the theater by presenting educational religious plays for preaching and guidance. It had two concepts: religious and nationalist, with plays inspired by Arab and Islamic heroic history to stir up inspiration.
The poet (Ahmed Shawki) was the first to introduce the poetic expression based on conflict and the growth of the event in the theater, which is called (theatrical poetry).
And the appearance of the mental theater in (Tawfiq Hakim), which was overshadowed by the actual and subject to the intellectual idea that the author wants to highlight through dialogue and is the first (Hakim) who wrote this color, although this color trend in the last century appeared French influence and some Trends in world literature and passion (Hakim) with all that is strange and abnormal and reject what is familiar to people. His subjects were derived from the "Legends of Greece" and "Thousand and One Nights", including the story of the people of the cave and Suleiman the Wise.
The elements of the play were: the plot that represents the construction of the play from the cause and introduction and then the development of the event and then the solution and personalities. The conflict, which is the core of the play and its spirit and without it, the play is rigid and free of movement and suspense. The idea is the story that is reflected in the course of events and the behavior of people and finally the dialogue on the lips of personalities.
Thus, we have revealed an aspect of the theater in our Arab literature, with poetry and a variety of methods to accommodate the ideas and issues addressed by the book of the theater recently.